In men’s white-ball internationals, a stop clock gives the fielding side 60 seconds to start the next over once the previous one ends. A side that fails twice in an innings gets a warning each time, and every later breach costs five penalty runs.
In-match over-rate penalties
In T20 internationals, a fielding side that falls behind the required over rate has to bring an extra fielder inside the 30-yard circle for the remaining overs. That gives the batting side more room in exactly the overs where they are trying to score fastest.